Corneal power and axial lenght measurements

Optical biometers

IOL formulas

Post-refractive surgery calculations

IOL power calculation in eyes with keratoconus

Shor and log eyes

Toric IOLs

The role of ray-tracing

Calculation in unusual situations: eyes with ICLs, ICL sizing and ICL power calculation formulas, adjustments for sulcus implantation, etc

Calculating the IOL power for the 2nd eye

IOL power in eyes with DMEK

Presentation of clinical cases